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Joyful All Ye Seamen Rise

Posted on by ka23004

“Joyful all ye seamen rise,
Join the triumph of the skies,
Hail the heav’n born prince of peace,
Hail the son of righteousness”

The Sailor’s Hymn Book was a selection of different hymns and religious verses put together by the famous Reverend G. C. Smith.[1] Printed in East London from 1822 and sold for one shilling, it was meant to be distributed to as many sailors as possible to be used during services. Even though it was tiny, it was packed with over 345 hymns all adapted for maritime life.[2] This including tweaking some of the lyrics of well-known Christmas carols to make them more adapted to life at sea. As well as the hymn above, adapted from Charles Wesley’s Hark, the Herald Angels Sing, other songs sang about how “seamen their songs employ/ while field, and floods, rocks, hills, and plains/ Repeat the sounding joy”. It is easy to imagine these carols being sung by groups of sailors in the forecastle of a rocking ship.

But far away from their families and often in the middle of the sea, what was Christmas like for seafarers in the 19th and 20th century? And what did Christian missions do during one of the most important holidays of the year?

In The Word on the Waters, the magazine regularly published by the Mission to Seafarers that is held in their archives at the Hull History Centre and which Claire Wetherall has discussed in more depth here, gives us some ideas. One sailor wrote a letter to the magazine recount his experience of Christmas Day in 1885: “well, dear friends, I have not told you of our Christmas. I hope you spent a happy one.” He very nearly did not.

For this man and the rest of his crew, Christmas was a day that was just as dangerous as any other. The crew finished work on Christmas Eve a couple of days sail from Plymouth, and happily settled down for their tea at 7pm that evening. As midnight struck on the 25th, the night was still and calm, but as Christmas Day dawned the weather turned. An enormous wind began to blow, “increasing all the time till it blew a heavy gale”. The ship was pitching so much that all the cargo that they had just taken on board, and had not yet had the chance to secure, was tossed everywhere. The crew spent hours just trying to keep the ship afloat and the cargo held down: “just imagine, coals and locust-beans on deck to fill up, loose spars, spare ones, ropes and cables, all washing about, and we working to get the decks clear… That is how we spent our Christmas.”[3]

The crew finally sat down to their Christmas meal a few hours later. Thankfully the sailor had thought to make the traditional plum pudding the night before the Christmas Eve storm, which they sat down to eat utterly exhausted: “we had our Christmas pudding anyhow, or somehow, and I hardly know how”.

For British sailors in overseas ports, Christmas was a time to benefit from the volunteer work that many upper-middle class women undertook. A few years later in 1888, from the other side of the world, one Mrs Austen wrote to The Word on the Waters to describe her experience in Yokohama, one of the treaty ports in Japan open to foreign trade. Just before Christmas, she had sent out 55 letters across the British Empire asking for money for a Christmas dinner and Christmas tree for British sailors in Japan. Women like Mrs Austen would have spent weeks planning Christmas events to try to improve the difficult lives of sailors far from home. On this Christmas Day, she went to four hospitals to bring a small present and a card to each sailor there: “Oh! To see their faces lighten, to know that they were remembered, though far away from home and loved ones.”[4]

The next day, on Boxing Day, Mrs Austen and another “lady helper” woke up early to start decorating a Christmas tree at 7am. Sailors soon began arriving for the free Christmas dinner that she had spent weeks organising: “seventy three persons enjoyed a splendid dinner- the best of everything; and after we had cleared all that away we had the tree, each man receiving a nice gift”. The sailors most in need received gloves, warm socks, and clean handkerchiefs, while others received small Christmas ornaments “for their homes in England”. The group spent the rest of the rest of the day playing games and singing hymns till the Mrs Austen’s throat was sore.

Maybe they even sang some of the hymns that Boatswain Smith had made more “sailor-friendly” a few decades previously?

Merry Christmas from the Mariners team. We hope that you too get warm socks, have made your plum pudding early, and spare a thought for those having to spend Christmas at sea far away from their loved ones.

Want to know more about Christmas at sea? The National Maritime Museum in Greenwich has shares some stories about Christmas Dinners Past from the Caird library here and the Royal Naval Museum in Portsmouth tells us about Christmas traditions in the Navy here.

Brett, John; Christmas Morning, 1866; Russell-Cotes Art Gallery & Museum.

 

[1] https://mar.ine.rs/stories/rev-george-charles-boatswain-smith-1782-1863/, Hilary Carey, “Sailors, Societies and Sectarianism: George Charles (‘Boatswain’) Smith and the Formation of the British and Foreign Sailor Society”, The Journal of Ecclesiastical History. 2025. 76(3):600-624, doi:10.1017/S0022046924000940.

[2] Hilary Carey, “Poor Jack to Pious Sailor: Religious Literature for British Seamen, 1815–C.1850”, Cultural and Social History. 2025. 22(4): 485–504, doi.org/10.1080/14780038.2025.2514785.

[3] Hull History Centre, UDMS/13/1/9, A Lay Associate, “Christmas Day at Sea”, The Word on the Waters, January 1886, 177, pp.54-58.

[4] Hull History Centre, UDMS/13/1/9, L. A. A., “British Seamen in Japan”, The Word on the Waters, January 1888, 185, pp. 37-40.

Oral history in partnership with Missions to seafarers

Posted on by hilary.carey

by Jon Rose

The Mariners’ Project has most recently commenced a series of interviews with both active and retired chaplains from the Missions to Seafarers charity with a view to supplementing the more historical components of the project.  The Mission currently operates in over 200 ports worldwide across 50 different countries providing essential support and care for seafarers, assisting them in dealing with the challenges of life at sea.  Undertaking these interviews has been made possible through the generous support and co-operation of the Mission with their suggesting and making the initial approach to serving and retired chaplains for interview.  The oral history methodology adopted has been formally approved by the human research ethics process.  It is anticipated that during the academic year 2025/26 some 10-15 current and retired mission chaplains will be interviewed with their anonymity assured as far as possible. 

To date three interviews have been conducted with two serving ordained mission chaplains and one retired.  As the interviewer, I have a background of some 35 years in education as teacher, school inspector and LEA county chief officer. Being ordained myself has helped me considerably at a pastoral level to recognize the immense value of port chaplaincy work with seafarers of all nationalities. I also hold an MPhil degree from Bristol University following earlier research in colonial religious history. 

Drawing on years of experience, the chaplains interviewed so far have demonstrated that their role extends well beyond religious or spiritual guidance. Their work encompasses a wide range of support: from arranging phone calls to loved ones and assisting with medical appointments to simply providing a listening ear or a small, thoughtful gift. Such anecdotal acts, as have been described, though often simple, have a pronounced impact, breaking the monotony and loneliness of life at sea and reminding seafarers that they are neither invisible nor forgotten. 

What has also emerged is that the port chaplaincy role is continually evolving in line with changes in the shipping industry. Modern vessels now enforce stricter security and shorter turnaround times, which can limit both the freedom of seafarers and the access of chaplains. In response, however, port mission teams have adapted creatively, making the most of brief encounters to offer encouragement and assistance.  Despite these challenges, the chaplains talked with have all described a strong sense of fulfilment and privilege in their work, viewing it as a calling. The relationships built with seafarers, grounded in mutual respect and understanding, are cited as especially rewarding. Expressions of racism amongst seafarers appear to be much less than former times. 

An important component of the interview is an attempt to assess the degree to which in the ports where the chaplains have served or are serving there remains a legacy in any form of British colonialism.  The interviewees so far have tended to suggest that while there may be traces apparent occasionally, with independence gained it is ostensibly a matter of the past.  Even so this will remain a distinct area of discussion as future interviews proceed. 

 

Mariners Special Issue: Cultural and Social History

Posted on by hilary.carey

We are excited that all the articles for the special issue of Cultural and Social History are now available on Open Access for all to view.

The Special Issue has the theme: Mariners: Race, Religion and Empire  and it is the culmination of the Mariners conference held at Bristol’s ss Great Britain last year.

The articles cover the same range of fascinating material which we traversed in the conference, with accounts of religious experiences and racial tensions across the working lives of both Lascar and British seafarers. There is an introduction by Sumita Mukherjee and Hilary Carey which draws together the different strands of the project around themes such as ‘home’ ‘race’ ‘religion’ and ‘place’. We are delighted with the surge of interest in the pieces which have already been placed on line – so do go and check out our work, and leave us some comments. We would love to hear from you.

The articles have not yet been put together as a Special Issue – but you can read them by following the links below. We are grateful to our funders at the Arts and Humanities Research Council whose funding has enabled us to publish all pieces for this Special Issue as Open Access. As researchers, one of the great advantages of this is that it means there is much more likelihood that our research will be read and circulated. Congratulations to Haseeb Khan who is currently leading the race for views for his terrific account of provision for Muslim sailors reflected in the architecture of Birkenhead’s Mere Hall Indian Seamen’s Home.

Mariners: Race, Religion and Empire. Special Issue: Introduction
Hilary M. Carey & Sumita Mukherjee
Published online: 09 Oct 2025
Finding a Place Within Empire: The Seamen’s Spiritual Welfare Movement in Nineteenth-Century Newcastle, N.S.W
Justine Atkinson
Published online: 9 Oct 2025
Birkenhead’s Mere Hall Indian Seamen’s Home: Labour and Religious Identity for Muslim Seamen in 1940s Britain
Haseeb Khan
Published online: 10 Sep 2025

The Mission: a pub in Hull with a surprising past

Posted on by hilary.carey

Catherine Phipps reports from Hull:

It’s five o’clock on a Friday afternoon and I’m heading to the pub… but there’s something special about this one.

I’ve been in the archives at the Hull History Centre all week, looking at the Missions to Seamen archives. Where better to go at the end of my first week than The Mission, a nearby pub that has been converted from the original Hull Mission to Seamen?

A blue plaque on the wall outside tells all the patrons coming in that Charles H. Wilson paid for the Seamen’s Mission to be built here in 1866. Wilson was a liberal MP who made his fortune from shipping who wanted to help the local community. The mission was here to help any seafarers in particular need, although they didn’t sleep here. Seafarers were sent to spend the night in the Sailor’s Home round the corner on Alfred Gelder street, but came to the Seamen’s Mission for somewhere warm and safe, with a place to worship and a recreation room to entertain themselves. This was right next to the Board of Trade offices and central to the docks, so was often full of sailors coming through and needing help.

The chapel was added on in 1927, and you can still see the beautiful stained glass window. Right underneath this stained glass, today there are four large pool tables, just as there were a hundred years ago. A report that I read from 1934 explained that this used to be “a very compact institute just opposite The Board of Trade offices, with a small but substantially built and beautiful church connected, and entered through the institute,” with “two billiard tables, canteen with light refreshments; offices and lavatories.”[1]

The glass is the same, the pool is the same, and there’s still warm food and bathrooms on offer. So what has changed since this was the Hull Mission to Seamen?

Most importantly, the presence of alcohol. The Seamen’s Missions were strict about temperance, and were firmly anti-alcohol. I opt for an alcohol-free beer in homage. Women were also only allowed if they were direct family members or were one of the female volunteers for the Missions. As a young, unmarried woman, I would not have been welcome in here, particularly because I’m wearing a short skirt that would have cast doubts on my reputation.

Many of the customers here are familiar with the Seamen’s Mission. I spoke to the barmaid at The Mission, Amber. According to her:

“lots of the people who come in like to talk about the history of the pub. They talk about when it used to be a church, and they talk about their memories of the shipping round here.”

She’s right: chatting to a few regulars at the next table, everyone seems to know the pub’s history. John, at the next table, sounds quite proud. He tells me why the road next door is called Dagger Lane:

“if you walked down here in the 1890s, you’d get hit on the head, and sent out on the ships. You’d wake up in South Africa.”

Crimping was a real fear for seamen, and one of the main reasons that the missions were set up. In public houses, men could be plied with alcohol that was often drugged and given huge bills, or “shanghaied” by being put on ships to far away ports against their will.[2] The twice-yearly publication from the Missions to Seamen, The Word on the Water, often warned about how common this practice was in the 19th century.

The Seamen’s Mission hoped to protect seamen from these dangers, so it is wonderful to see that this is still remembered 150 years later.

And if you want to look at the unchanged pool tables, stained glass, and lively conversation so you can imagine what the Seamen’s Mission was like, then The Mission is waiting for you on Dagger Lane.

[1] UDMS/11/1/191, “Report on Seamen’s Welfare Institutions in Hull: appendix to report”, 30th March 1934.

[2] G.J. Milne, People, Place and Power on the Nineteenth-Century Waterfront (Palgrave Macmillan, 2016) 104.

The Sailor’s Creed at the Ecclesiastical History Conference, 15-17 July 2025

Posted on by hilary.carey

It was exciting to present new research on the religious beliefs and practices of British sailors to the Ecclesiastical History Society conference, held in Edinburgh this week from 15-17 July 2025.

The theme for this year’s EHS conference was Creeds, Councils and Canons in recognition of the 1700th anniversary of the Council of Nicaea, held in 325 AD. Presenters chose to address the theme across the full span of Christian history, and was vigorously debated by historians of the early Christian world, and all later periods up to the present.

For my paper, I wanted to tackle one of the more challenging issues facing the Mariners project team – namely, what did sailors believe about religion? We know quite a bit about what other people, including missionaries, shipping companies and the state wanted them to believe, and the various ways they sought to improve their living and working conditions and moral standing, but what the sailors felt about these interventions is a much harder nut to crack.

My research looked at the image of ‘Jack Tar’ as a careless and largely irreligious simpleton, with far too much interest in drink, sex and violence. Writers of popular songs and caricatures, such as Dibdin and Rowlandson, wrote stongs with titles such as ‘The Sailor’s Prayer’ and ‘The Sailor’s Creed’ which assumed sailors had no religion or moral scruples other than looking out for their shipmates and hoping for a good captain, a rich prize, and fair weather.

Yet missions to seamen sought to elevate the poor sailor, provide them with greater dignity and self-worth, and abandon their wanton ways. In their attempts to reach this body of men, marine missionary societies adopted a flexible strategy which minimised doctrinal differences, and promoted a simple message couched in salty language.

There were some variations. The Anglican agencies such as the Missions to seamen generally stressed that they were providing a national service regardless of other divisions. Dissenters who supported the Non-denominational movement, such as the British and Foreign Bible Society, followed the model of the London Missionary Society, affirming that they promoted a pure Christianity without concern for class or creed. This was illustrated by missionary promotional images, such as the BFBS ‘Gospel Ship’.

Having presented my paper in the first session of the conference, this left me free to enjoy other speakers. EHS President Sara Parvis provided the essential grounding for the conference theme with a rich account of the canons of the Nicene Creed and their reception. Other highlights for me was the paper by Gemma King on teaching the Church of Scotalnd’s Shorter Catechism in religious fiction; Angela Berlis on the Old Catholics resistance to the First Vatican Council, and Ivan Broisson on the great Etienne Gilson and his influence on the Second Vatican Council.

I followed several panels on missionary and ecumenical gatherings in Africa and India. Brian Stanley outlined the challenges of the attempt to integrate the International Missionary Council and the World Council of Churches at the Ghana Assembly of the IMC in 1957-8. the My fellow Australian, Nicole Starling, was enlightening on the conflict between deaconesses and high church sisterhoods in the diocese of Sydney. I was privileged to chair two fine papers on African missions by Alison Zilversmit on the Southern Rhodesia Missionary Conference, and Deborah Gaitskell on Ecumenism in 1940s South Africa.

The weather was gloriously warm for Edinburgh; the company and the conversations rich and enjoyable. There was a warm reception to my new work on sailors’ religious mentality and it was profitable to be able to present with so many other scholars working at the cutting edge of religious history today.

Mariners Exhibition moves to Liverpool

Posted on by hilary.carey
The Mariner’s exhibition is now on display in Liverpool Record Office (3rd Floor Central Library, William Brown Street, L3 8EW). It is displayed on smaller panels to fit the space. It will be there until early Autumn.
Lucy Wray will circulate the closing date when the curator confirms this.
The larger display will remain in St Stephen’s Church ( 21 St Stephen’s Street, Bristol, BS1 1EQ) until next Monday 21st July.

Mariners at the Black Country Museum

Posted on by hilary.carey

I have just got back from a trip to the Black Country Living Museum in Dudley for the 2025 Social History Society annual conference.

Victorian streetscene, Black Country Living History Museum

It was my first visit to the living history museum, and found it very hard to tear myself away from the recreated worlds of the Victorian, Edwardian and – most recently – post-WWII eras to get back to the conference. I wandered in and out of the cottages showcasing the work of women chain makers, the noisescape of the machine press, and the canal with its retinue of coal barges and attendant ducks. There was a strong evocation of the industrial scene (though of course without the squalor, smoke and smells) and I was particularly impressed with the abandoned anchor, a remnant of the anchor makers who used to work in this area. In its own building was a recreation of the mighty Newcomen engine which, having once lived in a street (in Newcastle NSW) named after the great engineer, I found particularly impressive.

Anchor making was one of the Black Country industries on display in Dudley.

The conference was a packed schedule with up to five parallel streams around these broad themes, each curated by experts in their field.

  • Bodies, Sex and Emotions
  • ‘Deviance’, Inclusion and Exclusion
  • Difference, Minoritization and ‘Othering’
  • Heritage, Environment, Spaces & Places
  • Inequalities, Activism and Social Justice
  • Life Cycles, Families and Communities
  • Politics, Policy and Citizenship
  • Work, Leisure and Consumption

I enjoyed catching up with Emily Cuming, who gave a splendid paper on ‘sailor’s daughters’ which analyzed working class women’s memoirs of absent, and sometimes abusive, sailor fathers. Other highlights were presentations by four curators from different ‘living history’ museums: Simon Briercliffe, director of the Black Country Museum, Kate Hill, from the Cregneash Isle of Man Folk Museum , Natasha Anson, on the Beamish North East England museum, and educationish Megan Schlanker on the use of living history in schools. While we spoke, the Dudley museum was full of teams of school children so it was clear new learning memories were being laid down in these places. The curators pushed back robustly on calls to avoid nostalgia, or to answer calls to highlight or ignore particular aspects of the past. I was also very happy to listen to papers by Bristol colleagues, Marianna Dudley (on the history of wind turbines), and Will Pooley (on queer magic in 19th century rural France).

Kate Hill from the Isle of Wight Living Museum discussing the challenge of representing the past.

As part of the ‘inequalities, activism and social justice’ theme, my paper was in the last session of the last day, and I was grateful to those who stayed the course. It was a privilege to talk about the Mariners project to this engaged and active group of researchers. My topic was ‘Missions to Mariners’, and I spoke about the challenge for reformers of pushing back against the old stereotype of ‘Jack Tar’ in order to promote the value of the pious sailor. There is a wealth of printed and archival sources relating to the movement, much of which we have been exploring for this project, but it is much more difficult to understand the values of working sailors themselves. This is part of my conclusion:

The maritime mission movement would leave a visible mark on British port landscapes, with its floating chapels, on shore seamen’s churches, institutes and bethels, and provision for education, housing and other forms of welfare. Although very little of this religious infrastructure remains, it initiated a revolution in the image of the sailor, from ‘Jack Tar’ to sober worker, which by the end of the century had largely displaced the drunken caricature of an earlier era.

My paper will be included in the Special Issue of the Social History Society journal, Cultural and Social History. The revised papers from the Mariners conference held on the ss Great Britain are now coming in and we hope the whole collection will soon be available, online and fully open access.

Mariner’s Exhibition sets sail in Hull History Centre.

Posted on by Lucy Wray

On May 12th, project research administrator Abi Freeman and I made the journey from Bristol to Hull to install the Mariners Exhibition in its second location.  

The exhibition is the final flagship event for the Mariners project. It will be displayed in three ports at the heart of our research: Bristol, Hull and Liverpool. 

After our successful launch event in the Mount Without, Bristol on 7th May, we were excited to set up in our new location, Hull History Centre. Hull History Centre, located in the aptly named ‘Worship Street’, is an official project partner. The centre is a partnership between Hull City Council and the University of Hull, and amongst its impressive collections is a range of material relating to maritime history as well as religious organisations including the Mission to Seafarers. Hull History Centre archivist Claire Weatherall has been an invaluable part of the Mariners Project Advisory Board, and integral to organising this phase of the exhibition. 

The exhibition is displayed in the generous and well-lit space of the centre’s glass arcade. Hull was experiencing unusually warm weather, and the arcade felt like a green house, with temperatures reading mid-30s as Abi and I unpacked and set up the exhibition panels. While the installation wasn’t easy work, it was all worth it when we saw the exhibition in the new space. The arcade is the first room visitors enter when they arrive at Hull History Centre, and we know that the exhibition will witness lots of footfall, providing opportunity for a range of guests to see it, in a large and accessible space.  

Unpacking boxes and setting up exhibition at Hull History Centre

The next day the Hull launch event took place.  I delivered a talk providing an overview of the exhibition, describing the research and the work of our three commissioned artists. 

In addition to work by three commissioned artists and panels on themes including gender and family, religion, race and ethnicity and the nature of seafaring, this iteration of the exhibition also contains a panel on Hull, providing an overview of the development of the port. It featured a fascinating biography of ‘The Seafaring Surgeon: Dr Hirjee Nowroji Anklesaria’ who worked to save men on Hull’s Gamecock fishing fleet when it was fired on by Russian warships in 1904.   This was kindly provided by Claire from her knowledge of local archival sources. Claire also provided a range of archival items, including lantern slides, which were displayed in an exhibition case relating to ‘Uncovering seafarers’ lives in the photographs of the Mission to Seafarers’.  

 

Lucy Wray delivering talk at Mariners Exhibition Launch at Hull History Centre

The exhibition will be in in Hull until the 26th of June, before its return to Bristol, where it will be displayed in St Stephen’s Church in July.  From June to July, a smaller version of the exhibition will also be displayed in Liverpool Record Office. 

I would like to thank Abi Freeman for all her hard work in the installation in Bristol and Hull, and Claire Weatherall, who has been so generous with her time and expertise.  

 

Mariners Exhibition on display at Hull History Centre
An early visitor viewing Mariners Exhibition on display at Hull History Centre

Mariners Exhibition Launch 7 May 2025

Posted on by hilary.carey

There was high excitement in Bristol’s Mount Without as curator, Lucy Wray, led the launch of the Mariners exhibition: Race, Religion and Empire in British Ports.

Lucy Wray

The exhibition is the final, flagship event for the Mariners project and will be touring to Hull and Liverpool before returning to Bristol for a week in time for the Bristol Harbour festival, 18-20 July.

As Lucy explained, the exhbition includes a series of panels that highlight the major themes of the project – Race, Religion, Ports, and Gender – with biographies of key figures in the 19th century marine mission movement.

The exhibition features the work of three artists commissioned to interpret the themes of the project in their own individual ways. At the exhibition launch, the artists provided guests with some words of explanation about their own background, and how their artwork reflected on the historical themes of the project. As this was the first time any of them had seen the scale of the panels which featured their work, it was exciting to see their reactions to full-scale of the displays.

Exhibition Launch: Mariners: Race, Religion and Empire in British Ports

In her piece, award-winning artist Charlotte Jones incorporated elements of her family history. As she explained to us in her original brief: ‘I have a personal connection to this fantastic project as both sides of my family worked in the Liverpool docks at the later end of this era. One great grandfather was a cooper, and one grandfather was in the Merchant Navy.’ For the exhibition, Charlotte created a series of illustrations inspired by photographs of working lascars and merchant seamen that focus on community, race and empire. This has been realised in a series of stylised images in sepia colours evoking both nostalgia and empathy for their hard-working lives.

The study by Kremena Dimitrova incorporated her signature story-book sequences, using archival images and text, to visually narrate the experiences of merchant seamen of all nationalities.

In his contribution, Will Lindley focussed on maritime buildings and institutions, including floating chapels, missions, Sailors’ homes and orphanages, from across the project’s four case study ports. Many of these no longer exist. Reading from west to east, these were Bristol, Liverpool, Hull and London. Will’s illustrations were blown out in some cases to show the internal features of the buildings. In front of the Liverpool Seamen’s Orphan Institution, Will sketched the ghostly and poignant images of seamen’s orphans attending a church service. In his brief, Will explained: ‘My work is rooted in drawing and emerges from historical and contemporary explorations and research… drawing on training and experience in architecture, regeneration, heritage and engagement.’

The launch was a great opportunity for colleagues, students, artists and members of the Advisory Board, including Professor Brad Beaven from Portsmouth, and community historan, Asif Shakoor, to join us in appreciating these artists’ vision for our project.

In case you were wondering how we chose our three artists. The framework was laid out in the Mariners grant proposal, as funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council. We knew that we wanted to engage professional artists, with a portfolio of work, and that the budget allowed us to offer to pay for ten days’ work in line with the rates recommended by the UK Artists’ Union.  The initial brief was reviewed by the project team in March 2024. We put out a call for artists as widely as possible, including the Arts Council’s Arts Jobs UK and the Mariners website, and chose those which aligned best.

Thanks to all – but especially to Lucy Wray whose imagination and enthusiasm brought the exhibition together. Look out for the progress of the exhibition as it moves to Hull, Liverpool and back to Bristol over the next few months.

The exhibition will be travelling to the following sites – with some adjustment depending on local circumstances:

Hull: 13th May- 26th June

Venue address: Hull History Centre, Worship St, Hull HU2 8BG 

Liverpool: End of May to end of July.

Venue address: Liverpool Record Office, 3rd Floor Central Library, William Brown Street, L3 8EW

Bristol: 7th July- 20th July 

Venue address:  St Stephen’s Church, 21 St Stephen’s St, Bristol BS1 1EQ